RESUMO
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a prevalent method for gene expression analysis, depending on the stability of the reference genes for data normalization. Lagerstroemia indica and L. speciosa are popular ornamental plants which are famous for the long flowering period. However, no systematic studies on reference genes in Lagerstroemia have yet been conducted. In the present study, we selected nine candidate reference genes (GAPDH, TUA, TUB, 18S, RPII, EF-1α, ATC, EIF5A and CYP) and evaluated their expression stability in different tissues during floral development of L. indica and L. speciosa using four algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and, RefFinder). Results showed that RPII and EF-1α were the most stably expressed and suitable reference genes for both of Lagerstroemia species. Moreover, ACT exhibited high expression stability in L. indica and GAPDH was a suitable reference gene for L. speciosa in different flower development stages. TUB was an unsuitable reference gene for gene expression normalization due to significant variations in expression across all samples. Finally, we verified the reliability of the selected candidate reference genes by amplifying an AGAMOUS homolog (LsAG1) of Arabidopsis thaliana. This study provides a list of suitable reference genes, thereby broadening the genetic basis of the gene expression patterns in Lagerstroemia species.
Assuntos
Genes de Plantas , Lagerstroemia/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , DNA Complementar/química , DNA Complementar/metabolismo , Flores/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Gliceraldeído-3-Fosfato Desidrogenase (Fosforiladora)/genética , Gliceraldeído-3-Fosfato Desidrogenase (Fosforiladora)/normas , Fator 1 de Elongação de Peptídeos/genética , Fator 1 de Elongação de Peptídeos/normas , RNA Polimerase II/genética , RNA Polimerase II/normas , RNA de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , RNA de Plantas/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/normas , Padrões de ReferênciaRESUMO
Accurate normalization is a primary component of a reliable gene expression analysis based on qRT-PCR technique. While the use of one or more reference genes as internal controls is commonly accepted as the most appropriate normalization strategy, many qPCR-based published studies still contain data poorly normalized and reference genes arbitrarily chosen irrespective of the particular tissue and the specific experimental design. To date, no validated reference genes have been identified for endometrial cancer tissues. In this study, 10 normalization genes (GAPDH, B2M, ACTB, POLR2A, UBC, PPIA, HPRT1, GUSB, TBP, H3F3A) belonging to different functional and abundance classes in various tissues and used in different studies, were analyzed to determine their applicability. In total, 100 endometrioid endometrial cancer samples, which were carefully balanced according to their tumor grade, and 29 normal endometrial tissues were examined using SYBR Green Real-Time RT-PCR. The expression stability of candidate reference genes was determined and compared by means of geNorm and NormFinder softwares. Both algorithms were in agreement in identifying GAPDH, H3F3A, PPIA, and HPRT1 as the most stably expressed genes, only differing in their ranking order. Analysis performed on the expression levels of all candidate genes confirm HPRT1 and PPIA as the most stably expressed in the study groups regardless of sample type, to be used alone or better in combination. As the stable expression of HPRT1 and PPIA between normal and tumor endometrial samples fulfill the basic requirement of a reference gene to be used for normalization purposes, HPRT1 expression showed significant differences between samples from low-grade and high-grade tumors. In conclusion, our results recommend the use of PPIA as a single reference gene to be considered for improved reliability of normalization in gene expression studies involving endometrial tumor samples at different tumor degrees.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Endometrioide/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Actinas/genética , Actinas/normas , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Endometrioide/metabolismo , Carcinoma Endometrioide/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Endométrio/metabolismo , Endométrio/patologia , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Gliceraldeído-3-Fosfato Desidrogenase (Fosforiladora)/genética , Gliceraldeído-3-Fosfato Desidrogenase (Fosforiladora)/normas , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , RNA/isolamento & purificação , RNA/metabolismo , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , RNA Ribossômico 18S/normas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/normas , Valores de Referência , SoftwareRESUMO
This study was aimed to test a panel of six housekeeping genes (GAPDH, HPRT1, POLR2A, RPLP0, ACTB, and H3F) so as to identify and validate the most suitable reference genes for expression studies in astrocytomas. GAPDH was the most stable and HPRT1 was the least stable reference gene. The effect of reference gene selection on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data interpretation was demonstrated, normalizing the expression data of a selected gene of interest. Thus, GAPDH may be recommended for data normalization in gene expression studies in astrocytomas. Nevertheless, a preliminary validation of reference gene stability is required prior to every study.
